Optimal Energy Management Strategy including Battery Health through Thermal Management for Hybrid Vehicles

The paper proposes an energy management strategy (EMS) for hybrid electric
vehicles (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) taking into account battery health
through an additional soft constraint on battery internal temperature, considered as one of the
prime factors in
uencing battery aging. Battery cell temperature is modeled and considered as
a second state constraint with the state of energy (SOE) in the optimization problem solved
on-line using the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). Simulation results are
presented to highlight the contribution of the strategy including battery thermal management
compared to the standard approach.
Keywords: Energy management strategy, Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, Li-ion battery aging,
thermal management, Pontryagin's Minimum Principle.